يمكن ترتيب الأحماض التالية hno3 , h2so4 , hcl , h3po4 ,hf ، حسب قوتها معتمدين على صيغتها الكيميائية [تم الحل]

Question

يمكن ترتيب الأحماض التالية hno3 , h2so4 , hcl , h3po4 ,hf ، حسب قوتها معتمدين على صيغتها الكيميائية؟

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خطـــأ

Absolutely! We can arrange the given acids (HNO3​, H2​SO4​, HCl, H3​PO4​, HF) in order of their strength based on their chemical formulas. Here's the general approach and the resulting order:

Key Factors Determining Acid Strength from Formula:

1. Electronegativity of the Central Atom (for oxyacids): In oxyacids (like HNO3​, H2​SO4​, H3​PO4​), the more electronegative the central atom, the more it pulls electron density away from the O-H bond, making the hydrogen easier to lose (stronger acid).

2. Number of Oxygen Atoms (for oxyacids): For oxyacids with the same central atom, the more oxygen atoms present, the stronger the acid. This is because the additional oxygen atoms further pull electron density, weakening the O-H bond.

3. Bond Strength (for binary acids): For binary acids (like HCl, HF), acid strength is related to the strength of the H-X bond. Generally, as you go down a group in the periodic table, the H-X bond length increases, and the bond strength decreases, leading to stronger acids.

4. Electronegativity of the Anion (for binary acids): This is a bit counterintuitive for binary acids. While higher electronegativity of X generally means a stronger pull on electrons, in HX acids, the bond strength is the more dominant factor for acid strength. A weaker bond makes it easier for H+ to dissociate.

Ordering the Acids:

Let's break them down:

• Strong Acids (Generally ionize completely in water):

  • HCl (Hydrochloric acid): A very strong binary acid.
  • HNO3​ (Nitric acid): A strong oxyacid.
  • H2​SO4​ (Sulfuric acid): A strong oxyacid (first dissociation is very strong).

• Weak Acids (Partially ionize in water):

  • H3​PO4​ (Phosphoric acid): A moderate to weak oxyacid.
  • HF (Hydrofluoric acid): Surprisingly, HF is a weak acid. While fluorine is very electronegative, the H-F bond is very strong due to its small size and high electronegativity, making it difficult to break. This is a common point of confusion.

Order of Strength (Strongest to Weakest):

Here's the likely order from strongest to weakest:

1. H2​SO4​ (Sulfuric Acid) - Considered one of the strongest common acids, especially for its first proton dissociation.
2. HCl (Hydrochloric Acid) - A very strong mineral acid.
3. HNO3​ (Nitric Acid) - Also a very strong mineral acid.
4. H3​PO4​ (Phosphoric Acid) - A moderately weak acid.
5. HF (Hydrofluoric Acid) - A weak acid despite fluorine's high electronegativity.

Therefore, the final order from strongest to weakest based on their chemical formulas and general acid strength principles is:

H2​SO4​>HCl>HNO3​>H3​PO4​>HF

اذا كان لديك إجابة افضل او هناك خطأ في الإجابة علي سؤال يمكن ترتيب الأحماض التالية hno3 , h2so4 , hcl , h3po4 ,hf ، حسب قوتها معتمدين على صيغتها الكيميائية اترك تعليق فورآ.

Answer 1

يمكن ترتيب الأحماض التالية hno3 , h2so4 , hcl , h3po4 ,hf ، حسب قوتها معتمدين على صيغتها الكيميائية؟