What happens when: (8) Acids react with alkalis؟
إجابة الطالب المختصرة من خلال موقع بوابة الإجابات هي
Heat Release: The reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat. Formation of a Salt: The type of salt formed depends on the acid and alkali used.
When acids react with alkalis (which are also known as bases, especially soluble bases), they undergo a **neutralization reaction**. Here's what happens:
* **Acid + Alkali → Salt + Water**
**Key Concepts:**
* **Acids:** Substances that donate hydrogen ions (H⁺) in solution.
* **Alkalis (Bases):** Substances that accept hydrogen ions (H⁺) or donate hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution.
* **Neutralization:** The reaction between an acid and an alkali where the properties of both are diminished or eliminated.
* **Salt:** A compound formed when the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a metal or another positive radical (e.g., sodium chloride (NaCl)).
* **Water:** Formed from the combination of H⁺ ions from the acid and OH⁻ ions from the alkali.
**In detail:**
1. **Ionization:** Acids and alkalis dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. For example:
* Hydrochloric acid (HCl) → H⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)
* Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) → Na⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq)
2. **Reaction:** The hydrogen ions (H⁺) from the acid react with the hydroxide ions (OH⁻) from the alkali to form water (H₂O).
* H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l)
3. **Salt Formation:** The remaining ions (e.g., Na⁺ and Cl⁻) combine to form a salt.
4. **Neutral pH:** The resulting solution is ideally neutral (pH around 7) if the acid and alkali react in stoichiometric amounts.
**Example:**
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with Sodium hydroxide (NaOH):
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l)
* Acid: Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
* Alkali: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
* Salt: Sodium chloride (NaCl) (table salt)
* Water: H₂O
**Important Considerations:**
* **Strength:** The strength of the acid and alkali affects the reaction. Strong acids and strong alkalis react vigorously.
* **Concentration:** The concentration of the acid and alkali affects the rate of reaction.
* **Heat:** Neutralization reactions are exothermic, meaning they release heat.
* **Titration:** Neutralization reactions are used in titrations to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or alkali.
* **Buffer Solutions:** Buffer solutions resist changes in pH and contain a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak alkali and its conjugate acid).
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