What happens when: (3) Hydrogen chloride gas HCI dissolves in water؟
إجابة الطالب المختصرة من خلال موقع بوابة الإجابات هي
Formation of Limewater: A dilute solution of calcium hydroxide in water is known as limewater, which is slightly soluble and appears as a clear solution. Alkaline Nature: Since it releases hydroxide ions, the solution has a high pH (around 12–12.5), making it basic and capable of neutralizing acids.
When hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) dissolves in water (H₂O), it undergoes a chemical reaction called **ionization** (or protonation). Here's a breakdown of what happens:
1. **Dissociation and Ionization:** HCl is a polar molecule due to the difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and chlorine. When it comes into contact with water, the slightly negative oxygen atoms of the water molecules are attracted to the slightly positive hydrogen atom of the HCl molecule. This attraction is strong enough to break the covalent bond between hydrogen and chlorine.
2. **Formation of Hydronium Ions (H₃O⁺) and Chloride Ions (Cl⁻):** The hydrogen atom (H⁺) from HCl is accepted by a water molecule (H₂O). This forms a **hydronium ion (H₃O⁺)**. The chlorine atom, having lost its electron pair, becomes a **chloride ion (Cl⁻)**.
The reaction is represented as:
HCl(g) + H₂O(l) → H₃O⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)
3. **Complete Dissociation:** HCl is a **strong acid**, which means it undergoes essentially complete dissociation in water. Nearly every HCl molecule donates its proton to a water molecule, resulting in a high concentration of H₃O⁺ and Cl⁻ ions. This is what gives the solution its acidic properties.
4. **Aqueous Solution:** The resulting solution is called **hydrochloric acid (HCl(aq))**. The "(aq)" indicates that the ions are dissolved in water (aqueous).
**In summary:**
* HCl gas reacts with water.
* HCl completely ionizes, forming hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻).
* The solution becomes acidic due to the presence of hydronium ions.
* The resulting solution is called hydrochloric acid.
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